Yes, there are several automatic measures in place to prevent this from happening and recalculate reputation when it occurs. Moderators have tools to get more information about irregular voting patterns, and SE, Inc. developers have even more information.
Since both voting up and voting down are privilegesare privileges, gained at resp. 15 and 125 reputation points, it is difficult to create many 'sock puppet' accounts just to vote up one post. What is done usually is that few accounts are created to upvote a large number of posts by the user. Therefore, a high score is not really an indicator of voting fraud: to upvote your own answer 25 times, you would need to create 25 accounts and gain at least 15 reputation on all of them, then use those to upvote your answer. It is much easier to just write the posts that you would write with those sock puppets yourself, and gain the 15 reputation per account.
Also, some straightforward questions have a high number of views (and therefore votes), while some well-researched, niche questions may have very good answers but relatively low vote counts because they aren't viewed as often. This is the case on many if not all SE sites.